Carburetor for internal combustion engines



June 22, 1937. R. B. HARTSOUGH 2,084,340

CARBURETOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed April 1a, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 hula/#102318 I INVENTOR.

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ATTORNEY.

June 22, 1937.

R. B. HARTSOUGH 2,084,340 CARBURETOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed April 18, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 F'IE]. E

' INVENTCR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented June 22, 1937 Pr... r OFFICE CARBURETOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Ralph B. Hartsough, Lcs Angeles, Calif. Application April 18, 1933, Serial No. 666,672

14 Claims.

This invention relates to means in a carburetor for automatically regulating the quantity, velocity and distribution of air used as a constituent of the explosive mixture, as such air approaches and;enters the mixing chamber; and also for distributing the liquid fuel. over extended surfaces in the path of the incoming air, such regulation being governed largely by engine speed, to cause vaporization of the fuel by the action of the incoming air' automatically to secure with the most diverse kinds and grades of fuel, under all conditions of temperature, the most efiicient mixture, while providing for optional heating of fuel, and also, optionally, for humidifying the fuel mixture under conditions making such steps of heating or humidifying or both desirable.

A principal'object of my invention is to provide a carburetor which combines with the highest of efliciency and economy of operation (and such with any grade of fuel at all suitable for use with internal combustion engines) a reduction of manufacturing costs by elimination of parts and simplification of construction, resulting not only in a saving in the use of material,

but also in permitting the most economical of manufacturing methods'to be used in its production.

It is also an important object of the inventive subject-matter under consideration to provide a heatingmeans for the incoming fuel (often desirable with certain grades of fuel or under certain conditions) and also (if desired) to furnish means for liumidifying the fuel mixture, such optional heating and humidifying devices adding but slightly to thecost of manufacture of the carburetor and yet each being arranged and positioned for the most efficient performance of its respective function.

Another vital purpose of my said contribution to the art is to provide a carburetor which is most flexible in its adaptations to various motors, thus dispensing largely with a multitude of different sizes and designs to meet the requirements of engines of widely different constructions and capacities.

Other objects, qualities, advantages, and capabilities will be obvious to those of skill in this art from the following description, in

which,-

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the carburetor with optional auxiliary fuel pump and its conduit to the mixing chamber shown partially in section;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the 55 principal portions of the carburetor;

(Cl. 26l.12)

Fig. 3 is a sectional View of the float-chamber on line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged partly sectional and partly perspective View of the mixing chamber with air-inlet controlling means and the three annular chambers for, respectively, heating, humidifying, and fuel conveyance.

Considering in detail the drawings, the indicating numerals and letters of which refer to similar partsv throughout the several views,-A indicates a fuel conduit from a source of supply such as a vacuum tank; B designates a float chamber (largely conventional in form, relative arrangement, and function, both as a whole and as to its separate parts) C indicates an adjusting needle valve for controlling the flow. of fuel in its passage to the mixing chamber; D, the air and fuel mixing chamber; E, a spring controlled valve, regulating, in accordance with the requirements of the engine, the intake of air into the mixing chamber; F, an annular chamber for fuel supplied through ducts therefrom to the mixing chamber; G, an optional annular heating chamber (to contain either hot water from the cooling system or exhaust gases); H, an optional annular humidifying chamber; 1, butterfly throttle valve controlling the flow of the explosive mixture to the engine.

Float l'in float chamber B has attached to it one end of float lever 2 the opposite end of which is pivotally connected adjacent a Wall of the cover of said float chamber B by pin 3 in a depending lug 4. 5 is a float valve of conventional form and arrangement adapted to be actuated by the leverage of said float lever 2 to open and close port 6 to regulate the flow of fuel into the float chamber, such being maintained at a constant level by the rise and fall of said float actuated lever in amanner well known to the art.

I indicates a screen through which the fuel is required to pass on its way to the mixing chamber. 8 is a conduit for fuel leading from the bottom of float chamber beneath screen 1 through web 9 (which web connects float chamber B with the main body ii! of the carburetor). Passage through conduit 8 may be controlled by the movement of needle valve II to and from its seat l2, for the raising and lowering of which screw threads 13 are provided on valve stem l4, which is actuated in a quite obvious and well known manner, manually, by handle I5.

The annular chamber F is in open communication with conduit 8 and is so arranged that flow from the float chamber B will, in operation, keep "it normally filled with'fueL:

Iii-l6 indicate a series of ducts preferably spaced equidistant, extending throughfthe wall of annular chamber F and'opening as fuel conveying orifices into mixing chamberD of the carburetor.

Through boss ll of valve cage l8, air-inlet control-valve stem l9 adjustably extends, said 7 stem 19, being secured in said boss l'l by'screw threads '20, nut'ZI on the upperend of said valve stem l9, being'provided for the locking; of the same in any selected vertically adjusted position. Air-inlet control-valve I8, is in, the form of-a a partially hollow truncated cone, vertically bored through its unhollowed part (forming its upper or;

to accommodate bearing-sleeve 22,

, which "is swaged or otherwise-secured into said portion) bore of inlet-control valve E. Bearing-'sleevefl 'thei 'en dfof valve-stem i9," a f a Annular chamber G is provided-with an inlet j is provided with shoulder 23 against whichabuts o *spiral spring 24, which'surroundsthe lower perticn of valve-stern lil, the lower end of said spiral spring-24 being confined and supported by a flange: 25 on nut 26-which is screw-threadedto opening '21 (Fig. 4) to which'may be attached,

if desired, any suitable conduit-from exhaust manifold or water 'jacket of the engine, but which I have illustrated in 'theTdrawings, (Fig. 4), as

i being closed (inoperatively) by plug 28.

1 inlet opening indicated at 29 "('Fig. 2)-to which,

Annular chamber: H'is' also provided with an 7 may be attached, if desired, any suitable conduit 1 for water, but which I'have illustrated as being closed (inoperatively) by a plug 30. Throughthe I inner wall of annular chamber H extends a. series of j(preferably equidistantly spaced) ducts 3|, the same providing passage-ways for the injection the carburetor.

of wateniif desired, into mixing chamber D, of:

well known in the art,'for accelerating 'purposes,

- consisting of cylinder 32*closedat its end 33, its

after: "described the cylinder head.

Port '38 provides open "communication between 3 a float chamber *B (below screen 1) and cylinder throttle lever, which by attachment to butter '32; Tubing conduit 39*connects the interior of said cylinder 32 with annular chamber F." Link H 40 is pivoted atone end of piston and at its opposite end to link;4l,"-the"other end .of link, 4|;

in turn being pivotedrto the carburetor' casing at A2; Link 43 connects the toggle joint thus formed by thepivoted connection of links and filo-to fly valve-stem N45 and by suitable-connections (notshown) for the convenience of'the'operaton' enables the manual manipulation of the butterfly valve controlling passagefrom'the mixing chamber to the cylinders of the engine as well, coincidentIy Qf said accelerating device. 1

46; indicates generally intake connections forthe conveyance of the explosive -mixture'to' the 7 said ducts and drawn through the orificesthereof and fuel' inlet duct'sfl6I6;" that' most .of the. heat radiated from .the wall fof' said heating,

In Fig. 1 I'have illustrated a form ofifuel pump a the various parts, nor to therqualities, uses or ad- 'capable' of many'modifications and of t a converse forms? I .r

e I 'What I claim and desire to secure by Letters :LPatent is: 1

engine cylinders, (whichflatter forms no part-of the present invention and which need not be fur: :ther'described). "I i r r r 7 The operation of" the device, while perhaps 7 quite obvious to thoseofiskill in this'a'rt, will be birie iiydescrib edznir is drawn by the suction'of V of I an annular fueljchamber surroundin arestricted air passage, S idpassage forming part V i of a mixing-chamber, means to maintain alcon-n;

the engine into the carburetorniixing chamber 7 D through the opening between the bars of valve 1 cage 18, forcing air-inlet valve E downward 7 against the tension of spiral spring 24 (which a tension may be adjusted by manipulation of nut 15" 26 at the bottom of valve-stem l9), such adjustment (through nut- 26) as wellalso as that proej I vided by; the screw-threads and lock nut 2! at the top of valve-stem l9, also permittingl afnor mal partly open position of saidfValve E as desired, while further opening in accordance with engine requirements as speed increased is provided for by the compressibility of spiral; spring The fuel level (as governed by the float chamber mechanism) when the engine'is' not in'operation 7 will be slightly below the orifice of ducts I 6l6 into themixing chamber, but will be raised in' into said mixing chamber during the, running of as well as their general" design does not permit the fuel to bersprayed into the mixing chamber D but requires it toflowdownward,ovrthe'wall 25,

of the mixing chamber; where fine particles'of vapor are taken off by the friction of theincom ing air; 1

'Heating chamber G is so positioned and de'-' signedwith respect to annular fuel chamber-E1 chamber G is absorbed by "the incoming fuel. 5 Thus, the floor of said heating chamber Gyconstituting a partition, forming a large area Ven closing the fuel stored for use in fuel chamber F,' imparts a, large proportion "of its heat tojsaid fuel; and as fuel inlet ducts Iii-46 spread the incoming fuel out inslender threads'in direct f contactthroughout their length with the'heated V walls of chamber D, a most efficient means is pro-o vided for heating the incoming fuel to any .de-

sired degree, thus-toinsure complete vaporiza-J, I tion of even low gradefueLthe method Otheat-"Z ling, and, the degree of temperature supplied to; r chamberv Gibeing easily devised; controlledandfl known in'the art.

manipulated in accordance with fmeans well the art, and the operation of the annular chain-.5 ber F and its inlet ducts 3| l fl eed-"IlOt further bedescribed. r r

It will be understood that while'in'the foregoing illustrated description. I haveflexplained 1 one embodiment of my invention, and have cata iv logedicertain capabilities, uses and advantages L 1 inherent therein, I do'not limit myself to' the identical design, proportions o r; arrangement of vantages :thereof, as I have partially attempted to:

tion'which I desire to secure by LettersPatent is.

struction in whole orin part in various and-d1 1 ;1.- In adowndraft carburetor, thecombination stant level of liquid fuel in'said annular {chain-: her, a series of conduits for said'liquid fuel from said annular; ,fuel chamber sjaid condnits n n 20 5 r the motor. 'Ihemultiplicity of said ducts ll i-lli; r

The advantages of humidifying the'fuela-mix- I tureunder certain conditions are well knowriin' x 1 :fiii Iv outline them; asit will be quite obviousjtoall of skill in this art that the essence of my men.

orifices opening into said mixing chamber, a valve regulating flow of air through said restricted air passage, and a seat for said valve below the orifices of said conduits into said mixing chamber.

2. In a downdraft carburetor, the combination of an annular heating chamber, an annular fuel supply chamber, an annular water chamber, each of said chambers having walls forming part of those of an air passage forming part of and leading into a mixing chamber, conduits from, respectively, said annular fuel chamber and said water chamber opening into said air passage, conical means to restrict the bore of said air passage adjacent said conduits at allstages of acceleration of air therethrough and means to permit the automatic regulation of such restriction by thevelocity of air, and means maintaining a constant level in said fuel chamber adjacent to conduits therefrom into said air passage.

3. In a carburetor, the combination of a plurality of annular chambers, each enclosing a space of different diameter from the others, said chambers being arranged with common partitions concentrically one above another, their inner walls respectively, forming segments of an air passage Venturi opening into and forming part of a mixing chamber, a conduit from a source of liquid fuel supply toone of said chambers constituting a fuel supply chamber, a conduit from a source of heat supply to another of said chambers constituting a heating chamber, a series of conduits from said fuel supply chamber into said air passage inclined in a direction opposite to that of the flow of air through said passage, a valve controlling the flow of air into said air passage, and resilient means tending normally to actuate said valve toward closed position.

4. In a downdraft carburetor, a Venturi air passage opening into a mixing chamber, the inner walls of which form partitions of a plurality of annular chambers surrounding said Venturi, one of said annular chambers constituting a fuel supply chamber and having conduits through its walls into said Venturi passage, said conduits having their openings into said Venturi passage so directed as to spread incoming fuel over said walls, a valve for controlling the flow of air through said air passage, resilient means tending normally to actuate said valve toward closed position, and conduits to convey heat to the uppermost of said annular chambers for heating the fuel in said fuel supply chamber.

-5. In a carburetor, the combination of three annular chambers arranged co-axially one above another, the inner wall of each of said annular chambers, respectively, enclosing a space of different diameter from each of the others, said inner wall of each of said annular chambers forming a segment of the Walls of a Venturi tube air passage into a mixing chamber, one of said annular chambers constituting a water chamber having conduits therefrom into said air passage, another of said annular chambers constituting a fuel supply chamber having conduits therefrom into said air passage, the third of said annular chambers constituting a heating chamber, and a valve controlling the flow of air through said air passage.

'6. In a downdraft carburetor, a fuel mixing chamber having walls forming a Venturi passage therethrough, a fixed member above said chamber, a resiliently actuated valve supported by said member to slide axially within said Venturi passage to regulate the area thereof, there being in said Venturi walls fuel passagesopening into said mixing chamber nearest the chamber intake, the portion of the chamber below said valve being clear and unobstructed.

'7. In a downdraft carburetor, a fuel mixing chamber having walls forming a Venturi therethrough, an air' intake port, astern axially positioned in the intake port of said chamber, and a resiliently actuated valve axially slidable on said stem to reguiate. the area of said Venturi, there being in the walls of the Venturi fuel passages opening into said mixing chamber nearest said air inlet port, the portion of the mixing chamber below said valve being clear and unobstructed.

8. In a downdraft carburetor, a fuel mixing chamber having walls forming a Venturi therethrough, an air intake port, a stem axially positioned in the intake port of said chamber, and a resiliently actuated valve axially slidable on said stem to regulate the area of said Venturi, there being in the walls of the Venturi upwardly directed fuel passages opening into said mixing chamber nearest said air inlet port, the portion of the mixing chamber below said valve being clear and unobstructed. I

9. In a downdraft carburetor, a cylindrical mixing chamber, a substantially conical sleeve seated therein to form a Venturi passage having its greatest restriction at the chamber intake port, said sleeve having passages for fuel into the mixing chamber near the intake end thereof, a stem axially extending into said Venturi passage, and a resiliently actuated conical valve axially slidable on said stem to regulate the area of said Venturi passage, the mixing chamber below said sleeve being clear and unobstructed.

10. In a downdraft carburetor, a cylindrical mixing chamber, a substantially conical sleeve seated therein to form a Venturi passage having its greatest restriction at the chamber intake port, said sleeve having upwardly and inwardly directed passages for fuel into the mixing chamber near the intake end thereof, a stem axially extending into said Venturi passage, and a resiliently actuated conical valve axially slidable on said stem to regulate the area of said Venturi passage, the mixing chamber below said sleeve being clear-and unobstructed.

- 11. In a downdraft carburetor having a fuel mixing chamber, means seated in said chamber to form a Venturi passage, there being fuel conduits through said means opening into said passage near' the intake end thereof tov cause liquid fuel from said conduits to sink down along and to spread out along the widening surface of said means in the path of the incoming air, and a valve adapted to regulate the velocity of air adjacent said means, there being within said means a space through which to pass a fluid for heating said means adjacent said fuel conduit openmgs.

12. In a downdraft carburetor having a fuel mixing chamber, means seated in said chamber to form a Venturi passage, there being fuel conduits through said means opening into said passage near the intake end thereof to cause liquid fuel from said conduits to sink down along and to spread out along the widening surface of said means in the path of the incoming air, and a valve adapted to regulate the velocity of air adjacent said means, there being within said means a space through which to pass a fluid for heating said means adjacent said fuel conduit openings, the said means being provided with a second space having passages into the mixing chamber for a humidifying liquid.

-; 13.111 Ks 'dbvvndfaft earburetbi; a cylindrieal 7 fuel mixing chamber, a'stem mounted above said a V: H :chambensaid stem axially extending therein and 7 being axially adjustable, ameinber seated at'the top-o-f the chamber to form a Venturi passage there-through, a cqnicalvalverslida'ble on said' stem, and a' springl'urging said valve upwardtb; V close said passage, there being in said member 7 1 l r f upwardly directed conduits for fuel to the upper 10' portion ofsaid Venturi passage; 7 r

14'. In a dewndraft carbureter havin g a. fuel r 2, 84,340" 7 3 l' f f i t "mixing" chamber, m ansd' i i 011mb to form a, Ventliri passage, there beingfuel con} duits through said means opening lnto said pas sage near the intakeflend thereof to cause liquid fuel frpm said conduits to "sink down along'and to sppead'f out along the widening surface of said means in 'the path of the. incoming air, and axiallyadjustable stem, a valve axially'movable on said stem, and'means yieldingly elevating said valve to regulate the area/of said Venturi passage; 10 

